Understanding Your Options
This page is designed to help you make an informed decision about whether to have Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and, if so, which level of screening is most appropriate for your needs. NIPT can provide early, highly accurate information about your baby's chromosomes — but, like all screening tests, it has limitations.
There is no "right" or "wrong" choice — only what feels right for you and your family.
What NIPT Can and Can't Tell You
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NIPT can tell you
- If there is a higher or lower chance of certain chromosomal or genetic conditions (e.g. Down's, Edwards', Patau's, or sex chromosome differences)
- The baby's genetic sex (if requested)
- Risk of certain rare "microdeletion" syndromes (depending on test level)
- Whether triploidy (an extra full set of chromosomes) is present
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NIPT cannot tell you
- Whether your baby definitely has a condition (diagnostic testing such as CVS or amniocentesis is required for confirmation)
- Structural abnormalities (e.g. spina bifida, heart defects)
- Most single-gene or inherited disorders
- How severely a condition would affect a baby's development or health
Remember: NIPT is a screening test, not a diagnostic test — it estimates risk, but confirmation always requires diagnostic testing.
Compare our packages
At a glance view to help you choose the right package.
- Test Level
- Conditions Covered
- Typical Detection Rate
- May Suit Parents Who…
- Panorama Prenatal
- Conditions coveredDown's (T21), Edwards' (T18), Patau's (T13), Sex-chromosome aneuploidies, Triploidy
- Typical detection rate>99% for T21
- May suit parents who…Want reassurance about the most common chromosomal conditions
- Panorama Prenatal +
- Conditions coveredCore + DiGeorge Syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)
- Typical detection rate>95%
- May suit parents who…Would like to include one of the more common microdeletion syndromes
- Panorama Prenatal Extended
- Conditions coveredExtended + Prader-Willi, Angelman, 1p36 deletion, Cri-du-chat
- Typical detection rateVariable (depends on condition)
- May suit parents who…Want the most detailed screen available for rare but serious syndromes
Understand NIPT accuracy
Understanding NIPT accuracy
Understanding test accuracy can be a little complex. Four key measures describe different aspects of a test’s performance. The explanations below can help you read the figures.
What is sensitivity?
How effectively a test identifies pregnancies that truly have a particular condition.
What is specificity?
How effectively a test identifies pregnancies that do not have the condition. High specificity means fewer false-positive results.
What is positive predictive value (PPV)?
The chance that a high-probability result is correct.
What is negative predictive value (NPV)?
The chance that a low-probability result is correct and the pregnancy is not affected by that condition.
NIPT is screening, not a diagnosis. A high-probability result needs diagnostic confirmation. Discuss your result and next steps with your healthcare professional.
Accuracy by condition
These are Natera’s published performance figures for singleton, egg-donor, gestational-carrier and identical-twin pregnancies, subject to the restrictions below. They are not an individual risk estimate or a list of everything included in your selected package. Different specifications apply to nonidentical twins.
CI means confidence interval: the range expressing statistical uncertainty around the estimate. On mobile, tap a condition to view its figures.
| Condition | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV | NPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Down’s syndrome (Trisomy 21) | 99.0% (CI 97.1–100) | >99% (CI 99.93–99.99) | 95% | >99.99%‡ |
| Edwards’ syndrome (Trisomy 18) | 94.1% (CI 82.9–100) | >99% (CI 99.96–100) | 91% | >99.99%‡ |
| Patau’s syndrome (Trisomy 13) | >99% (CI 73.5–100) | >99% (CI 99.96–100) | 68% | >99.99%‡ |
| Turner syndrome (Monosomy X)** | 83.3% (CI 53.5–100) | >99% (CI 99.7–100) | 78% | >99.99%‡ |
| Triploidy** | >99% (CI 66.4–100) | >99% (CI 99.5–100) | 7.5% | >99.99%‡ |
| XXX, XXY and XYY** | 70.4% (CI 53.2–87.5) | 99.9% (CI 99.90–100) | 83% | 99.92%‡ |
| DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)** | 83.3% (CI 51.6–97.9) | >99% (CI 99.91–99.98) | 53% | 99.9%|| (CI 99.9–100) |
| 1p36 deletion syndrome** | >99% (CI 2.5–100) | >99% (CI 99.1–100) | 7–17%|| | 99.98–99.99%|| |
| Angelman syndrome**† | 95.5% (CI 77.2–99.9) | >99% (CI 99.1–100) | 10% | >99.99% |
| Cri-du-chat syndrome** | >99% (CI 85.8–100) | >99% (CI 99.1–100) | 2–5%|| | >99.99% |
| Prader–Willi syndrome**† | 93.8% (CI 69.8–99.8) | >99% (CI 99.1–100) | 5% | >99.99% |
Down’s syndrome (Trisomy 21)
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 99.0% (CI 97.1–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.93–99.99)
- PPV
- 95%
- NPV
- >99.99%‡
Edwards’ syndrome (Trisomy 18)
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 94.1% (CI 82.9–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.96–100)
- PPV
- 91%
- NPV
- >99.99%‡
Patau’s syndrome (Trisomy 13)
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 73.5–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.96–100)
- PPV
- 68%
- NPV
- >99.99%‡
Turner syndrome (Monosomy X)**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 83.3% (CI 53.5–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.7–100)
- PPV
- 78%
- NPV
- >99.99%‡
Triploidy**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 66.4–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.5–100)
- PPV
- 7.5%
- NPV
- >99.99%‡
XXX, XXY and XYY**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 70.4% (CI 53.2–87.5)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- 99.9% (CI 99.90–100)
- PPV
- 83%
- NPV
- 99.92%‡
DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 83.3% (CI 51.6–97.9)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.91–99.98)
- PPV
- 53%
- NPV
- 99.9%|| (CI 99.9–100)
1p36 deletion syndrome**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 2.5–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.1–100)
- PPV
- 7–17%||
- NPV
- 99.98–99.99%||
Angelman syndrome**†
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 95.5% (CI 77.2–99.9)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.1–100)
- PPV
- 10%
- NPV
- >99.99%
Cri-du-chat syndrome**
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 85.8–100)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.1–100)
- PPV
- 2–5%||
- NPV
- >99.99%
Prader–Willi syndrome**†
- Sensitivity (95% CI)
- 93.8% (CI 69.8–99.8)
- Specificity (95% CI)
- >99% (CI 99.1–100)
- PPV
- 5%
- NPV
- >99.99%
Important notes
** Pregnancy restrictions: These marked conditions are unavailable for egg-donor, gestational-carrier and nonidentical-twin pregnancies. Identical-twin screening excludes triploidy and microdeletions other than 22q11.2.
† Angelman and Prader–Willi: Validation covers full-region deletions; smaller deletions may be missed. Other causes, including UPD and methylation, are not validated.
‡ NPV follow-up: Natera monitors these estimates, but follow-up is incomplete for low-risk results.
|| Fetal fraction (FF): Performance depends on the proportion of placental DNA in the sample. Only the paternal allele is assessed for 22q11.2 at FF ≤6.5%, and for 1p36/Cri-du-chat at FF <7%. No Angelman assessment is reported below 7% FF, or Prader–Willi assessment at FF ≤2.8%.
Natera’s source describes US testing; availability varies internationally. Confirm eligibility and coverage for your chosen BSB package.
Source: Natera Panorama patient information — full specifications, study references and footnotes. Checked 5 November 2026.
Conditions That Can Be Screened by NIPT
Below is a summary of the conditions included in Panorama™ testing, using data from Natera and your clinic's information matrix.
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Common Trisomies
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Prevalence: 1 in 700
The most common chromosomal condition, caused by an extra chromosome 21. Associated with intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and risk of heart and respiratory issues. With early support, individuals can live fulfilling lives. -
Common Trisomies
Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Prevalence: 1 in 5,000
Caused by an extra chromosome 18. Leads to severe developmental delay, heart defects, and major organ problems. Most affected infants do not survive beyond the first year. -
Common Trisomies
Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
Prevalence: 1 in 13,000
Caused by an extra chromosome 13. Causes profound intellectual and physical disabilities, cleft palate, heart defects, and extra fingers or toes. Often results in miscarriage or very short life expectancy.
Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Panel
Sex chromosome conditions occur when there is a missing, extra, or incomplete copy of the X or Y chromosomes. The Panorama test can assess risk for XXX, XXY, XYY and monosomy X (Turner syndrome).
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Sex Chromosome
Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X)
Prevalence: 1 in 2,500 female births
Affects females when one X chromosome is missing. Causes short stature, infertility, delayed puberty, and possible heart or learning issues. With care and hormone therapy, most lead healthy lives. -
Sex Chromosome
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)
Prevalence: 1 in 500–650 male births
One of the most common sex-chromosome conditions. May cause tall stature, low testosterone, or fertility issues; many individuals are undiagnosed and live normal lives. -
Sex Chromosome
Triple X Syndrome (XXX)
Prevalence: 1 in 1,000 female births
Often mild or symptom-free. May include learning delays or taller stature, but most have normal development and fertility. -
Sex Chromosome
Jacobs Syndrome (XYY)
Prevalence: 1 in 1,000 male births
Males have an extra Y chromosome. Typically minimal or no physical or cognitive effects; may be discovered later in life during fertility testing.
Microdeletion Syndromes
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Microdeletion Syndromes
DiGeorge Syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)
Prevalence: 1 in 4,000
Missing part of chromosome 22. Can cause heart defects, immune issues, cleft palate, and developmental delay. Severity varies; early treatment improves outcomes. -
Microdeletion Syndromes
Prader–Willi Syndrome
Prevalence: 1 in 10,000
Caused by loss or duplication on chromosome 15. Features include low muscle tone, feeding issues in infancy, later weight gain, short stature, and intellectual disability. -
Microdeletion Syndromes
Angelman Syndrome
Prevalence: 1 in 12,000
Also linked to chromosome 15 changes. Causes severe intellectual disability, seizures, balance problems, and delayed milestones. -
Microdeletion Syndromes
1p36 Deletion Syndrome
Prevalence: 1 in 5,000
Missing a piece of chromosome 1. Associated with heart defects, seizures, and developmental delays. Symptoms vary in severity. -
Microdeletion Syndromes
Cri-du-chat Syndrome (5p deletion)
Prevalence: 1 in 20,000
Missing part of chromosome 5. Causes distinctive "cat-like" cry, low birth weight, small head, heart defects, and severe developmental delay.
Triploidy
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Triploidy
Triploidy (extra full set of chromosomes)
Prevalence: 1 in 10,000 live births (most in 1st trimester)
A fatal condition where the baby has 69 chromosomes instead of 46. Usually results in early miscarriage. If carried to term, the baby is severely affected and does not survive long after birth. Detected only by Panorama™.
Understanding Your Results
NIPT results are reported as either:
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1
Low Probability
The likelihood of the tested condition is very small.
-
2
High Probability
There is an increased likelihood; confirmatory testing (CVS or amniocentesis) is recommended.
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3
No Result
Around 1 in 65 samples are non-reportable; a repeat test is usually possible.
Support and Counselling
Our goal is to provide care that supports both your medical and emotional needs.
At Baby Scanning Boutique, we offer:
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Pre-test consultation
to ensure you understand what NIPT can tell you.
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Post-test support
to discuss results and next steps with sensitivity and care.
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Referral or signposting to external resources, including:
- Antenatal Results & Choices (ARC)
- NHS Genetic Counselling Services
- ISUOG Patient Information Hub
Key Terms & Definitions
Understanding some of the scientific terms used in NIPT can make your results and options much clearer.
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1
Chromosome
DNA structures that carry your genes. Humans have 46 (23 pairs). Extra or missing chromosomes cause genetic conditions.
-
2
cfDNA (cell-free DNA)
Tiny DNA fragments in the mother's blood from the placenta, which reflect the baby's genetic make-up.
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3
Fetal Fraction (FF)
The percentage of placental cfDNA in the mother's blood. Needs to be ≥ 4% for accurate results.
-
4
Trisomy
Three copies of a chromosome instead of two (e.g. Trisomy 21 – Down's Syndrome).
-
5
Monosomy / Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
Too few or too many sex chromosomes (X or Y). E.g. Turner (X0) or Klinefelter (XXY).
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6
Triploidy
An entire extra set of chromosomes (69 instead of 46). Detected only by Panorama™.
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7
Microdeletion Syndromes
Tiny missing DNA sections (e.g. 22q11.2, 1p36, Prader–Willi, Angelman, Cri-du-chat). Found in extended or comprehensive panels.
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8
Prevalence
How common a condition is (e.g. Down's ≈ 1 in 700 births). Used to interpret results.
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9
Accuracy Terms
Sensitivity: detects true positives.
Specificity: detects true negatives.
PPV: probability a high-chance result is true.
NPV: probability a low-chance result is true (>99.9% for common trisomies). -
10
Diagnostic vs Screening Tests
Screening tests estimate risk; diagnostic tests (CVS or amniocentesis) confirm it.
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11
Genetic Counsellor
A specialist who explains results, discusses options, and provides emotional support.
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12
Dizygotic Twins
Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are two siblings who develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two separate sperm during the same pregnancy. They share about 50% of their genes, similar to any other siblings, and can be of different sexes. Unlike identical twins, dizygotic twins have their own placentas and amniotic sacs.
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13
Types of NIPT screening test
SNP: A targeted approach focuses on specific genetic markers (SNPs) known to vary among individuals and between parent and child DNA.
WGS: This method analyzes the entire genome for aneuploidies and other abnormalities. Provides a comprehensive evaluation of all chromosomes.
RCa: Amplifies fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by creating circular DNA molecules, which are then counted to detect aneuploidy.
Ready to Learn More or Book Your NIPT Test?
Our experienced team is here to guide you through every step of your journey